How does agricultural drainage work?

In our Theory of Drainage course, we have been developing an understanding of how agricultural drainage works, both qualitatively and quantitatively. This is exciting, because the some of the same concepts can be applied to wetland hydrology, stream to groundwater table interactions and much more!

We resurrected an old Hele-Shaw laboratory model that was used to investigate some of the equations we applied this semester. With Dr. Skaggs' help, we ran an experiment during class to test the equations. For the most part, resulting data showed a strong agreement between the equations and the lab observations, which were recorded by the graduate students pictured here. We did find some areas where the data began to stray from the predicted values, which was also a valuable exercise.

 

For the study originally published (Skaggs, 1973) from this model, measurements were observed manually using optical sights. Today, it would be a great way to apply vision-based liquid level measurement!

SKAGGS, R (1973). "WATER TABLE MOVEMENT DURING SUBIRRIGATION". Transactions of the ASAE(0001-2351), 16 (5), p. 988.

Water Level Camera: Lab Setup

The brown backdrop adjacent to the water level bench may appear like an unremarkable addition, but we're excited to have it installed. Why? Because we're one step closer to testing our new GaugeCam (GRIMe) software!

We've been working with GRIMe for a while now, but we've just added automatic calibration functionality. All we have to do is add fiducials to this backdrop and we're ready to start testing again.

Wondering what the water level bench is all about? We've been blogging about it for over a year at the GaugeCam blog. Click through and check it out!

Thanks to undergraduate researchers Zach and Austin for assisting with the water level bench backdrop.

Constructing Weir Boxes

Hydrologists and Ecological Engineers often utilize weirs as a means to control water flow in open channels. Weirs are especially useful in research, when we want to measure the flow rate of water in a stream, canal or other open channel. As noted in this Wikipedia article, permanent construction (or removal) of weirs has ecological and environmental implications.

In the picture below, Dr. Birgand is working on a weir box which will soon be used in a field study of biogeochemical processes in streams.

This particular control structure contains a V-notch weir. It's easy to see where that name came from when you view the image below.

Here we are off to transport the weir boxes to their installation site.  Imagine the flow (volume per time) of water that will be passing through these boxes!  All in a day's work for Hydrological and Ecological engineers.

Total Station Survey

James and Marc collect survey data near Weaver Labs. 

Ecological engineers use many of the same tools as environmental, civil and construction engineers. In this case they are using a total station, which is a powerful tool that efficiently records accurate survey points.

Job Security for Ecological Engineers

So the other day, Raleigh got a lot of rain.  Creeks rise out of their banks and people get flooded, it happens. However, events such as this, where you see sediment-laden water coming out of a storm pipe should not happen.  Look at the upstream part of the creek to the left of the picture (click on the photo for full size). It is relatively clear even after a large rain event. Compare it to the muddy discharge coming out of the storm pipe. Hmm, anybody want to guess the number one pollutant in North Carolina's streams and waterways?

We figured another shot of the creek would help bring home the point.  By the way, a stream restoration was just completed on this creek a couple of months ago.  

We found that runoff from a construction site about a 1/2 mile upstream was causing all of this sediment loading.   The bright side to all of this, I guess Ecological Engineers have job security for a while!

Collecting Hydric Soils with Organic Carbon

Marc is in a stormwater wetland taking some soil samples to determine pollution removal through natural biogeochemical processes. The sample below shows signs of high pollutant removal capability.

Look how much organic carbon build up there is in this wetland! Organic carbon enhances potential natural pollution removal in wetlands. As ecological engineers, we search for ways to harness this natural potential.

Rocky Branch Creek Greenway

 One of the most enjoyable parts of the NC State Campus can be found along the newly restored Rocky Branch Creek. Since we enjoy places like Rocky Branch Greenway, we're motivated to better understand and preserve our water resources. Click on the second image to read more about Rocky Branch.

Kahn Academy - Great for Learning or Review

We've been watching videos on Khan Academy the last few days. These videos review a lot of academic that Ecological Engineers find interesting. You have to sort through the Chemistry and Biology sections, but you can also find a lot of the basic knowledge required to understand Biogeochemistry concepts.



Thanks to our friends at GaugeCam for the heads up!

Reading list for Ecological Engineers

What is an Ecological Engineer?

Ecological Engineers study Biology, Chemistry, Hydrology, Limnology, Ecology, Statistics to name a few. Why are they interested in these subjects? Because Ecological Engineers want to harness the power of natural processes and apply them in treatment systems they design. They also want to understand these processes so they better understand how humans impact their environment.

A nice list of science and policy books for Ecological Engineers is located here.

National Geographic's Water Issue

You can download the online edition of the Water Issue here.

You'll have to download and install zinio to check it out, but it is definitely worth it!

Water Pollution on Global Scale

From CNN:

U.N. report: Let's turn foul water from mass killer into global treasure.

It's obvious that a fundamental understanding of chemical processes in water is a prerequisite if we hope to improve world-wide water quality.

Stormwater Blogs

Stormwater - The Journal for Surface Water Quality Professionals

Here's the blog roll.